病毒学

EP

预印本Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

NO VEIN is an ancestral immunity protein involved in plant-virus interaction

The conservation of immune systems from prokaryotes to eukaryotes can guide discovery of immunity genes across the tree of life. Most studies to date have focused on metazoan systems, while the extent of ancestral immunity conservation in plants remains underexplored. Here we show that NO VEIN (NOV), a plant protein previously characterized for its essential developmental roles in Arabidopsis thaliana, shares domain…

EP

预印本Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

A pro-inflammatory effector-memory T cell program links peripheral EBV priming to CNS autoimmunity

T and B cell-mediated immunosurveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) can become maladaptive in multiple sclerosis (MS). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a likely driver of MS, yet how exactly EBV-specific T cells contribute remains unclear. We generated an antigen-resolved atlas of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T cells from untreated MS patients and controls. T cell clones carrying a GZMK⁺ effector-memory p…

EP

论文Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

Broad-spectrum anticoronaviral activity of the traditional herbal medicine Mahuangtang by targeting the multistep viral infection process: virus entry, Mpro, PLpro, RdRp and IFN induction.

Ephedra decoction, Mahuangtang (MHT), is a traditional herbal formula comprising Ephedrae sinica (ES), Prunus armeniaca (PA), Cinnamomum cassia(CC), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU). MHT is used to treat colds, influenza, and other respiratory conditions. This study investigates the anticoronaviral effect of MHT and elucidates its mode of action and the active antiviral components of MHT. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed t…

EP

论文Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

Glucocorticoids Do Not Enhance BK Polyomavirus Replication in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells In Vitro.

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection may lead to BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) and subsequent graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. Experimental studies have suggested that glucocorticoids (GCs) may enhance BKPyV replication through a steroid-responsive element within the viral genome. However, clinical observations have not consistently supported this association, prompting re-investigation of the effec…

EP

论文Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

Structural characterization and antiviral activity of polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula.

Codonopsis polysaccharides exhibit diverse biological activities, but their antiviral effects against the H1N1 influenza A virus and how these activities change after sulfation modification remains unclear. In this study, crude Codonopsis polysaccharide (COP) was obtained via water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and COP-1 (2.1 × 103 Da, β-D-(2 → 1)-fructan) was isolated and purified. Both COP and COP-1 were m…

EP

预印本Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

Hybrid Capture-based Targeted Next-generation Sequencing for Pathogen Identification in Culture-Negative, Refractory and Relapsing Peritonitis Associated with Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Series

Abstract Background Culture-negative, refractory and relapsing peritoneal dialysis–associated peritonitis (PDAP) is challenging partly due to limited detection of atypical pathogens by traditional culture. Hybrid capture–based targeted next-generation sequencing (hc-tNGS) can improve pathogen identification in the complicated PDAP, including viral detection. Methods A retrospective case series was undertaken to eval…

EP

论文Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

Resolution Pathways in the Context of Viral Infections.

Inflammation is a central host response against viral infections. However, accumulating evidence indicates that when excessive, misdirected, or unresolved, the inflammatory response becomes a driver of disease, ultimately contributing to tissue damage, dysfunction, and death. The proper termination of inflammation relies on the timely engagement of resolution programs, and pro-resolving mediators have been extensive…

EP

论文Europe PMC·2026年10月1日

Costs of Delivering the Hep B PAST Model of Care in Remote Australia: A Retrospective Pre-Post Study.

Objectives To estimate the direct medical costs of the Hep B Partnership Program (Hep B PAST) model of care compared with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) usual care from the health system perspective (Northern Territory (NT) Department of Health and the Commonwealth). Study type Retrospective cohort study (2014-2023) that linked primary care with inpatient, emergency, outpatient and outreach datasets. Costs were applied u…

bRx

预印本bioRxiv·2026年10月1日

The HSV-1 LAT enhancer regulates locus-specific H3.1 enrichment during early lytic infection

The Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) genome undergoes extensive chromatinization following entry into the nucleus, yet how viral regulatory elements influence this process during lytic infection remains poorly understood. The HSV-1 latency-associated transcript enhancer (LTE) is well established as a key element in the regulation of latency and reactivation, but its role during the productive infection has not been de…

bRx

预印本bioRxiv·2026年10月1日

Cyanophage thioredoxin and virulence enhancer genes differentially contribute to phage fitness and infection of marine Synechococcus

Environmental viruses, including marine cyanophages, carry many homologs of cellular genes (auxiliary metabolic genes), as well as small genes of unknown function (viral dark matter). However, the functional relevance and evolutionary benefits of these genes remain largely unknown. One such cellular-like gene codes for thioredoxin, a redox-regulating protein. Here we investigated the distribution of thioredoxin and…

bRx

预印本bioRxiv·2026年10月1日

Targeting DNA-PK is a highly conserved poxvirus innate immune evasion mechanism

The sensing of viral nucleic acid by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for initiation of a type-I interferon response against infection. Intracellular DNA sensing PRRs are responsible for initiating innate immune responses to poxviruses and other double-stranded DNA viruses. Poxviruses, in turn, encode an armoury of immunomodulators that inhibit this host defence mechanism. DNA-dependent protein kina…